GREAT ZIMBABWE Essay, Research Paper
This article which I have chosen to read,
is about a ruined city of southeast Zimbabwe south of Harare. Great Zimbabwe
is an ancient city on the plateau in sub-Saharan Africa. Great Zimbabwe
was supposedly a city that controlled much trade and culture of southern
Africa during the 12th and 17th centuries because it was stationed on the
shortest route between the northern gold fields, and the Indian Ocean.
Archaeologists believed that this masterful stonework was built somewhere
around 1100 and 1600 A.D.
Great Zimbabwe covers 1,779 acres and is
made up of 3 main structures. The first one is the Hill Complex; Hill Complex
is the oldest part of the site. The hill was approximately 262 feet high.
This enables inhabitants to view enemies from up the hill. Below the Hill
Complex is the Great Enclosure, or Elliptical Building. The most dazzling
structures of Great Zimbabwe are found here. It?s thought to have been
the royal palace at that time. Between these two large structures is the
Valley Ruins. The youngest walls are found here. Some archaeologists deemed
that it might have been the area?s control access, for that the wall enables
people to walk in single file only. Great Zimbabwe has been designed to
change its periphery as the city?s population grew due to the fact that
it wasn?t constructed around a central plan. Despite that the size has
made Great Zimbabwe remarkable, another main factor is its stonework. Many
of the structures were made of blocks cut from granite. The city?s name
comes from the Shona term dzimbabwe, meaning ? houses of stone.?
And, like may other ancient cities, Great
Zimbabwe has been concealed by legend. Many people told myths about Great
Zimbabwe. But, it wasn?t until the late 1800s when archaeological record
became severely damaged an almost not decodable; when Europeans were attracted
by the myth of abundant gold from King Solomon?s mines found in the Great
Zimbabwe.
The first European to arrive to
Great Zimbabwe was a German explorer named Karl Mauch, in 1871. It was
Mauch?s friend, Adam Render, who was also German and was living in the
tribe of Chief Pika, that has lead him to Great Zimbabwe. When Mauch first
saw the ruins, he abruptly concluded that Great Zimbabwe wasn?t erected
by Africans. He felt that the handiwork was too delicate and the people
who constructed this showed they were way too civilized to have been the
work of Africans. He concluded that it was the work of Phoenician or Israelite
settlers; for that a sample of wood from a lintel su
like his pencil. Thus, proves that it was cedar and could?ve come from
Lebanon.
After Mauch came, a crew of people working
for W.G. Neal of the Ancient Ruins Company followed; the leader of the
company was Neal. Cecil Rhodes, who was the founder of the British South
Africa Company, financially supported Neal to explore Rhodesian ruins.
This was a great opportunity to learn about Rhodesian ruins, however, Neal
and his comrades were not really going after knowledge. They, instead,
robbed Great Zimbabwe and other Iron Age sites. As well as destroying structures
and throwing ?invaluable? stuff which true archaeologists can use to understand
more about the people who had lived in Great Zimbabwe. In 1902, Neal wrote
a report stating that the architecture was clearly Phoenician or Arabian.
Another serious attack on Great Zimbabwe
ruins was in 1891, when James Theodore Bent from Britain, the 1st official
archaeologists, visited Great Zimbabwe and started digging around. Thus,
destroyed many stratigraphy; which results confusion that made it harder
for later archeologists to find the age of Great Zimbabwe. Bent?s crew
finally proposed that a ?bastard? race— race, in which white invaders
from the north married the Africans— had constructed it.
In 1905, David Randall-Maclver, an Egyptologist,
reasoned that native Africans were the ones who constructed Great Zimbabwe.
For that artifacts unearthed were similar to the ones being used by Shona,
or Karanga, people living nearby, stonework was not Arabic because it was
not arranged in the pattern Arabs do, and Arab beads found dated no older
than 14th or 15th century.
Many other researchers believed in the
same thing. However, most European settlers in Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe,
rejected this theory. From 1965, until the independence of Rhodesia from
England in 1980, Rhodesian Front inspected all books and materials available
on Great Zimbabwe to prevent Africans from gaining power. Archaeologists
who were held the believe that Africans were the founders of Great Zimbabwe
were imprisoned and some were even deported. In addition, Rhodesian Front
also prohibits locals to use Great Zimbabwe for any ceremonies.
Today, people are now finally able to get
information about Great Zimbabwe. Though there?re still some difficulty
studying these ruins, because of past ?mistakes? people have had made.
And, that sub-Saharan countries are not really wealthy to spend much money
on archaeology. But, archaeologists will reclaim the cultural clue that
has survived.