"A River Merchant’s Wife" Essay, Research Paper
Transcription of Ernest Fenollosa’s Notebook (Pound’s Source)
Chokanka
regular 5
Chokan=name of town / place
ko=uta=narrative
song
long-Mt. side
Sho hatsu
sho
fuku
gaku
mistress hair
first
cover
brow
Chionese lay’s I or my beginning
My hair was at first covering my brows
(Chinese method of wearing hair)
Setsu kwa
mon
zen
geki
break flowers
gate
front
play
Breaking flower branches I was frolicking in front of our gate.
ro
ki
chiku
ba
rai
Second person ride on bamboo
horse
come
masculine
you, young man
lit. young man
When you came riding on bamboo stilts
Gio sho
ro
sei
bai
going round seat play with
blue
plums (fruit)
And going about my seat, you played with the blue plums.
Do kio
cho
kan
ri
Same dwell
cho
kan
village
Together we dwelt in the same Chokan village.
rio sho
mu
ken
sai
double small
not
dislike
suspcion
"the two"
And we two little ones had neither mutual dislike or suspicion.
(no
evil thots or bashfulness)
ju shi
i
kun
fu
Fourteen
became
lord’s wife
your
At fourteen I became your wife–
Shu gan
mi
jo
kai
bashful face
not yet
ever open
Bashful I never opened my face (I never laughed)
Tei to
ko
am
peki
lowering head face
black
wall
but lowering my head I always faced toward a dark wall ashamed to
see anybody–she sat in dark corners
Sen kan
fu
itsu
kai
thousand call
not
once
looked back
And though a thousand times called, not once did I look around…….
ju go
shi
tem
hi
15
first
time open
eyebrows
At fifteen I first opened my brows
i.e.
I first knew what married life meant now she opens her eyebrows.
i.e.. smooths out the wrinkles between her brows. She now began
to understand love, and to be happy.
Gan do
jin
yo
bai
desire same
dust
together with ashes
and
And so I desired to live and die with you even after death, I wish to be with
you even as dust, and even as ashes–partially together.
Jo son
ho
chu
shin
eternally preserve embrace
pillar
faith
I always had in me the faith of holding to pillars
Ki
jo
bo
fu
dai
why should climb look out
husband terrace
And why should I think of climbing the husband looking out terrace.
Ju roku
kun
en
ko
16
you
far
go
At 16, however, you had to go far away.
fearful riverside
both
yen & yo are adj. expressing form of
water
passign over hidden rocks
Ku_____ to yen
yo
tai
|
name
yenyo-rock
of locality
eddy?
(towards Shoku passing through the difficult place of Yentotai at Kuto.)
Go getsu
a
ka
shoku
5
month
not
must
touch
In May not to be touched.
The ship must be careful of them in May.
En sei
ten
jo
ai
monkeys voices heaven
above sorrowfulo
Monkeys cry sorrowful above heaven.
Mon zen
chi
ko
seki
gate front
late
go
footstep
reluctant
Your footsteps, made by your reluctant departure, in front of our gate
itsu itsu
sei
rioku
tai
one one
grow
green
mosses
one by one have been grown up into green moss.
Tai shin
fu
no
so
mosses deep
not
can
wipe away
These mosses have grown so deep that it is difficult to wipe them away.
Raku yo
shu
fu
so
Fallen leaves
autumn wind
early
And the fallen leaves indicate autumn wind which (to my thought only)
appears to come earlier than usual.
male
female
Hachi hatsu
ko
cho
ko
8th
month
butterflies
yellow
It being already August, the butterflies are yellow.
So hi
sei
yen
so
pairs fly
western
garden grass
And yellow as they are, they fly in pairs on the western garden grass.
Kan
shi
sho
sho
shin
affected (by) this
hurt
(female)
mind
normal
my
pained
Affected by this, (absence) my heart pains.
Za shu
ko
gan
ro
gradually lament
crimson
face
decay–older
become
old.
The longer the sbsence lasts, the deeper I mourn, my early fine pink face,
will pass to oldness, to my great regret.
So ban
ka
sam
pa
sooner (or) later descend
three______whirls
|
name
of spot on Yangtse Kiang, where
waters
whirl
If you be coming down as far as the Three Narrows sooner or later.
Yo
sho
sh?
ho
ka
beforehand with letter
report
family-home
Please let me know by writing
Sho gei
fu
do
yen
mutually meeting not
say
far
coming
to meet
For I will go out to meet, not saying that the way be far,
carring
Choku chi
cho
fu
sa
directly arrive
long______wind____sand
|
a
port on the Yangste
And will directly come to Chofusha.
(the port just this sime of Sampa)
from the Pound Center, Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and
Manuscript Library, Yale University.
W. J. B. Fletcher (1919)
THAT PARTING AT CH’ANG KAN
When first o’er maiden brows my hair I tied,
In sport I plucked the blooms before the door.
You riding came on hobbyhorse astride,
And wreathed my bed with greengage branches o’er.
At Ch’ang-kan village long together dwelt
We children twain, and knew no petty strife.
At fourteen years lo! I became thy wife.
Yet ah! the modest shyness that I felt!
My shamefaced head I in a corner hung;
Nor to long calling answered word of mine.
At fifteen years my heart’s gate open sprung,
And I were glad to mix my dust with thine.
My troth to thee till death I keep for aye:
My eyes still gaze adoring on my lord.
When I was but sixteen you went away.
In Ch?-t’ang Gorge how Yen-y?’s billows roared!
For five long months with you I cannot meet.
The gibbon’s wail re?choes to the sky!
Before the door, where stood your parting feet,
The prints with verdant moss are covered high.
Deep is that moss! it will not brush away.
In early autumn’s gale the leaflets fall.
September now!—the butterflies so gay
Disport on grasses by our garden wall.
The sight my heart disturbs with longing woe.
I sit and wail, my red cheeks growing old.
Early and late I to the gorges go,
Waiting for news that of thy coming told.
How short will seem the way, if we but meet !
Across the sand the wind flies straight to greet.
Amy Lowell (1921)
CH’ANG KAN
BY LI T’AI-PO
When the hair of your Unworthy One first began to cover
her forehead,
She picked flowers and played in front of the door.
Then you, my Lover, came riding a bamboo horse.
We ran round and round the bed, and tossed about the
sweetmeats of green plums.
We both lived in the village of Ch’ang Kan.
We were both very young, and knew neither jealousy nor
suspicion.
At fourteen, I became the wife of my Lord.
I could not yet lay aside my face of shame;
I hung my head, facing the dark wall;
You might call me a th
round.
At fifteen, I stopped frowning.
I wanted to be with you, as dust with its ashes.
I often thought that you were the faithful man who clung to the
bridge-post,
That I should never be obliged to ascend to the Looking-for-
Husband Ledge.
When I was sixteen, my Lord went far away,
To the Ch’? T’ang Chasm and the Whirling Water Rock
of the Y? River
Which, during the Fifth Month, must not be collided with;
Where the wailing of the gibbons seems to come from the sky.
Your departing footprints are still before the door where I
bade you good-bye,
In each has sprung up green moss.
The moss is thick, it cannot be swept away.
The leaves are falling, it is early for the Autumn wind to
blow.
It is the Eighth Month, the butterflies are yellow,
Two are flying among the plants in the West garden;
Seeing them, my heart is bitter with grief, they wound the
heart of the Unworthy One.
The bloom of my face has faded, sitting with my sorrow.
From early morning until late in the evening, you descend
the Three Serpent River.
Prepare me first with a letter, bringing me the news of when
you will reach home.
I will not go far on the road to meet you,
I will go straight until I reach the Long Wind Sands.
From Fir-Flower Tablets
Shigeyoshi Obata (1922)
TWO LETTERS FROM CHANG-KAN–I
(A river-merchant’s wife writes)
I would play, plucking flowers by the gate;
My hair scarcely covered my forehead, then.
You would come, riding on your bamboo horse,
And loiter about the bench with green plums for toys.
So we both dwelt in Chang-kan town,
We were two children, suspecting nothing.
At fourteen I became your wife,
And so bashful that I could never bare my face,
But hung my head, and turned to the dark wall;
You would call me a thousand times,
But I could not look back even once.
At fifteen I was able to compose my eyebrows,
And beg you to love me till we were dust and ashes.
You always kept the faith of Wei-sheng,
Who waited under the bridge, unafraid of death,
I never knew I was to climb the Hill of Wang-fu
And watch for you these many days.
I was sixteen when you went on a long journey,
Traveling beyond the Keu-Tang Gorge,
Where the giant rocks heap up the swift river,
And the rapids are not passable in May.
Did you hear the monkeys wailing
Up on the skyey height of the crags?
Do you know your foot-marks by our gate are old,
And each and every one is filled up with green moss?
The mosses are too deep for me to sweep away;
And already in the autumn wind the leaves are falling.
The yellow butterflies of October
Flutter in pairs over the grass of the west garden.
My heart aches at seeing them. . . .
I sit sorrowing alone, and alas!
The vermilion of my face is fading.
Some day when you return down the river,
If you will write me a letter beforehand,
I will come to meet you–the way is not long–
I will come as far as the Long Wind Beach instantly.
Witter Bynner (1929)
A SONG OF CH’ ANG-KAN
(Written to Music)
My hair had hardly covered my forehead.
I was picking flowers, playing by my door,
When you, my lover, on a bamboo horse,
Came trotting in circles and throwing green plums.
We lived near together on a lane in Ch’ang-kan,
Both of us young and happy-hearted.
. . .At fourteen I became your wife,
So bashful that I dared not smile,
And I lowered my head toward a dark corner
And would not turn to your thousand calls;
But at fifteen I straightened my brows and laughed,
Learning that no dust could ever seal our love,
That even unto death I would await you by my post
And would never lose heart in the tower of silent watching.
. . .Then when I was sixteen, you left on a long journey
Through the Gorges of Ch’?-t’ang, of rock and whirling water.
And then came the Fifth-month, more than I could bear,
And I tried to hear the monkeys in your lofty far-off sky.
Your footprints by our door, where I had watched you go,
Were hidden, every one of them, under green moss,
Hidden under moss too deep to sweep away.
And the first autumn wind added fallen leaves.
And now, in the Eighth-month, yellowing butterflies
Hover, two by two, in our west-garden grasses. . . .
And, because of all this, my heart is breaking
And I fear for my bright cheeks, lest they fade.
Oh, at last, when you return through the three Pa districts,
Send me a message home ahead!
And I will come and meet you and will never mind the distance,
All the way to Chang-f?ng Sha.
From The Jade Mountain: A Chinese Anthology (New York: Knopf).
Wai-Lim Yip (1976)
1. My hair barely covered my forehead.
2. I played in front of the gate, plucking flowers.
3. You came riding on a bamboo-horse.
4. And around the bed we played with green plums.
5. We were then living in Ch’ang-kan.
6. Two small people, no hate nor suspicion.
7. At fourteen, I became your wife.
8. I seldom laughed, being bashful.
9. I lowered my head toward the dark wall.
10. Called to, a thousand times, I never looked back.
11. At fifteen, I began to perk up.
12. We wished to stay together like dust and ash.
13. If you have the faith of Wei-sheng.
14. Why do I have to climb up the waiting tower?
15. At sixteen, you went on a long journey.
16. By the Yen-j? rocks at Ch’?-t’ang
17. The unpassable rapids in the fifth month
18. When monkeys cried against the sky.
19. Before the door your footprints
20. Are all moss-grown
21. Moss too deep to sweep away.
22. Falling leaves: autumn winds are early.
23. In the eighth month, butterflies come
24. In pairs over the grass in the West Garden.
25. These smite my heart.
26. I sit down worrying and youth passes away.
27. When eventually you would come down from the Three Gorges.
28. Please let me know ahead of time.
29. I will meet you, no matter how far,
30. Even all the way to Long Wind Sand.
From Wai-lim Yip, Chinese Poetry: Major Modes and Genres. (Berkeley: U of
California P, 1976. Copyright ? 1976 by U of California P.
The Song of Ch’ang-Kan (Y?eh-Fu)
1. concubine
hair
first
cover
forehead
(i.e., my, humble term used by women when speaking of themselves)
2. pluck
flower/s
door
front
play
3. you
ride
bamboo
horse
come
4. circling
bed
play
green
plums
circle
5. together
live
Ch’ang
Kan
village
prefecture
6. two
small
no
hate
suspicion
7. fourteen
–
be
your
wife
8. she
face
has-never
—
open
9. lower
head
face
dark
wall
10. thousand
call/s
not
one
turn
once
look-back
11. fifteen
–
then
unknit
brows
begin
12. wish
together
dust
and
ashes
13. often
keep-in-mind
embrace pillar
reliability
trustworthiness
14. how
ascend
Watch
Husband
Terrace
15. sixteen
—
you
a-long-way
go
16. Ch’?
T’ang
Yen
Y?
pile-of-rocks
(in
the midst
of
river)
17. fifth
month
cannot
—
offend
touch
18. ape
sound
heaven
above
sorrowful
19. door
front
late
departure
foot-step/s
20. each-one
–
grow
green
moss
21. moss
deep
cannot
–
sweep
22. falling
leaf
autumn
wind/s
early
23. eighth
month
butterflies
–
come
24. pair
fly
west
garden
grass
25. moved-by this
hust
my
heart
26. sit
grieve
red
face
old
27. soon
late
down
three
Pa’s
(i.e.,
Three Gorges)
28. in-advance (part.)
letter
inform
home
29. (each other) welcome
not
say
far
30. all-the-way-to –
Long
Wind
Sand