РефератыИностранный языкIrIran Essay Research Paper Iran 2

Iran Essay Research Paper Iran 2

Iran Essay, Research Paper


Iran – HIstory geography climate culture economy government


Iran is a country located in the Middle East. Below it is the


Gulf of Oman and to the west is the Persian Gulf. On the east is


Afghanistan and to the north is Turkmenistan and the Caspian Sea.


The total area of Iran is 632,457 square miles, which is slightly


larger than Alaska and about 6 times smaller than the United


States. Iran has about 65,612,000 people which is about 100


people per square mile. That means that the United States has


close to 3 times the size in population than Iran.


Climate and Geography


Iran is split up into three regions of land forms. The first is


the coast along the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman which has high


temperatures of 120 degrees Fahrenheit. In the inland part of the


plateau in can also hit 120 degrees. In the capital city Tehran,


which is located at the edge of the Elburz Mountains, the average


temperature is about 36 degrees Fahrenheit in January and 85


degrees Fahrenheit in July. In the nearby city of Abadan, which


is on the coast of Iran up in the corner of the Persian Gulf, the


temperatures are about the same, even though it’s right by the


Persian Gulf getting the warm air from the the water. The Plateau


of Iran is very dry throughout most of it because the annual


precipitation is about 1 or 2 inches. On the coast of the Persian


Gulf they get 10 inches to 15 inches per year. In the Zagros and


Elburz Mountain ranges, the precipitation is about 50 inches


annually. Rivers in Iran are low in the summer time because most


of them are on flat land. The only rivers that stay high are the


ones that run from mountains. Like the Karun River, which flows


from the Zagros Mountains into Khorramshahr. It is supposedly the


most navigable river in Iran. The highest peak in Iran is Mount


Damavand at 18,934 feet, it is part of the Elburz mountain range.


The second highest peak is Mount Kalar, which is 14,100 feet


high. The Karun river flows southward from beside this mountain.


History


In 549 B.C. Iran was called Persia and ruled by Cyrus the Great.


He united the Medes and Persians to make the country we know of


today as Iran. In the process of doing this, he also restored


Jerusalem to the Jews and conquered Babylonia. About 200 years


later, in 333 B.C., Alexander the Great came in and took over


Persia, but a century later the Persians regained Persia from the


help of the Pathians. In 226 A.D. the Persians lost and gave over


Persia to the Sassanian Persians. Later in the 7th century, Arab


people brought over the religion of Isla

m to Persia, pushing


aside their first religion of Zoroastrian. This initially


dominant religion still stuck around for hundreds of years


despite the Islamic take over. In the eleventh century, Seljuk


Turks dominated for a Persia before overrun by Mongols under the


rule of Genghis Khan. Then came Tamelane and his Mongol Hordes,


and after that the Turkomans took over. The Turkomans were


overrun by Ismail I, who said that he was a descent from the


great Ali. He became extremely popular and began the Safavid


dynasty which lasted from 1502 to 1736 during his rule Shiism


became the national religion. In 1736 the Afghans conquered Ali


and started the Afshar dynasty followed by the Zand dynasty in


1750. The Zand dynasty ended in 1794 when Agha Muhammad Khan, a


ruler who was cruel to the people promoted himself to Shah which


is ruler of the country, and began the Qajar dynasty. In 1923,


Reza Shah Pahavi came into Iran and pronounced himself prime


minister. In 1925, he became elected Shah and ended the Qajar


dynasty. Pahavi?s son took over in the 1940s when World War II


started. Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi married and had a son, Prince


Reza Pahlavi in 1960. He maintained close alliance with the


United States during this time by signing a defense agreement. In


1963, the Shah formed a committee to form a program of


modernization through land reform and industrializing Iran. This


plan caused corruption in many of the people. The Shah used the


army and secret police to control them. Rioting broke out and the


Shah fled from the country. From then on the rule of Islamic


fundamentalist Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini he made Iran an


Islamic country. Many people under the old Shah were arrested,


tried and executed. In January of 1980, a new man was elected.


His name was Bani-Sadr. However just one year later he was


dismissed. The man that followed him, Muhammad Ali Rajai was


assassinated in 1981 so Hojatolislam Ali Khamenei was elected


president in the same year and reelected in 1985. In 1986 the


Iran Contra Affair occurred. This was a deal between the U.S. and


Iran dealing with arms sales. In 1991, when the Persian Gulf War


broking out Iran stayed neutral throughout the entire conflict.


Culture


About two thirds of the population descended from the Aryan


tribes which came to Iran in the seventeenth century from parts


of central Asia. The other third of the population is made up of


mostly Turks, Arabs and Armenians and Jews. Some of the largest


groups that are part of the Aryans are the Persians who are make


up 63% of the population. Many Aryans live on

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