РефератыИностранный языкEvEvolution A False Doctrine Essay Research Paper

Evolution A False Doctrine Essay Research Paper

Evolution: A False Doctrine Essay, Research Paper


Evolution – A False Doctrine


by SIVAN TUMARKIN


April 1996


The Evolution Theory is a false doctrine devised by scientists lacking modern technology and


knowledge in an attempt to escape the aggressive confines of Religion, thereby forming a new


faith referred to as “natural selection”. Throughout time, evolution mechanisms have been


developed to account for many barriers facing evolutionists. From Lamarckism developed by


Jean Baptisete DeLamarck (1829) to Darwinism by Charles Darwin (1859) to The Mutation


Theory by Hugo deVries (1901) right up to the current theory of Neo-Darwinism, modifications to


this doctrine have evolved to include modern scientific principles of Biology, Anthropology,


Physics and Mathematics. The concept of “Evolution” as proposed by Charles Darwin does not


in itself present opposition to creation by a higher order of intelligence. Evolution simply implies


“gradual change through time”. Thus, a creator might have employed such means of creation


just as humans gradually design and build newer cars with an increased variety of shapes and


colors. The conflict arise when Naturalists insist that all life gradually evolved from non-living


matter by the process of natural selection which is a direct violation of The Law of Biogenesis1 .


Naturalistic evolution is considered and taught to be a fact rather than a theory by many


scientists and teachers. It is an everyday event to watch a television show such as the


Discovery Channel and constantly be reminded of how evolutionary mechanisms caused the


rise of life on Earth. Any inquiries questioning evolution are immediately suppressed or


answered with evolutionary terms such as “survival of the fittest” which is a tautology and hence


can not be disputed with out proper knowledge or deep understanding of the clauses used.


Although the theory itself offers abundant examples of “evolutionary paradoxes”, many scientists


choose to dismiss these confrontations and faithfully follow the evolution doctrine. Careful


biological examinations of various organisms prove that purely accidental evolution is definitely


unattainable and offer proof to illustrate why many built in mechanisms in animals are either fully


functional as a whole, or are rejected.


Mathematical probabilities defy all arguments presented by evolutionists and clearly disqualify


natural selection as being a credible scientific theory. Furthermore, The Evolution Theory finds


itself strangled when trying to dispute its rationale against physics laws which govern this


universe. Darwinists insult science by refusing to follow scientific regulations and forcing this


“faith” as a fact before endorsing it as a theory. It is accepted by many scientists as the only


explanation for the origin of life, consequently omitting all other theories including creation. “We


in NASA were often asked what the real reason was for the amazing string of successes we had


with our Apollo flights to the Moon. I think the only honest answer we could give was that we


tried to never overlook anything. It is in that same sense of scientific honesty that I endorse the


presentation of alternative theories for the origin of the universe, life and man in the science


classroom. It would be an error to overlook the possibility that the universe was planned rather


than happened by chance.” 2 The Evolution Theory is based on evidence gathered by “expert”


scientists to justify their claim of an evolutionary chain. In many cases, evolutionists use


strategies to shine their theory on to the public by means of media shows such as the famous


Scopes trial as well as secretly generating false “evidence” displaying skeletons of missing links


such as the Piltdown Man and refusal to claim responsibility for conclusions mistakenly made;


such as the case of Lucy. In addition, “evidence” supporting the evolutionary chain is invalid in


view of the tremendous lack of intermediate links between species as well as, all the evidence


pointing towards evolution is prominently based on the assumption that evolution has occurred.


Thus, once an assumption has become the evidence for the premeditated conclusion, it is


somewhat obvious to view that conclusion as the only logical explanation. One of the most well


known conflicts between Creation and Darwinism called the Scopes case, occurred in the


1920’s which was especially engineered to make a mockery of Creationism. The Tennessee


legislature had passed a statue prohibiting the teaching of evolution. Opponents of the law


engineered a case test in which a former substitute teacher named Scopes volunteered to be


the defendant. William Jennings Bryan, three-time Democratic presidential candidate and a


Bible believer led the prosecution. The Scope’s defense team was led by the famous criminal


lawyer Clarence Darrow. Darrow called Bryan to the stand as a Bible expert and presented him


with a tooth belonging to the Nebraska Man (prehistoric man within the evolutionary chain).


Darrow humiliated Bryan in a devastating cross-examination in which he showed that the


leading “scientific authorities” in the world confirmed the tooth belonged to a prehistoric man.


The “monkey-trial” was a triumph for Darwinism and had a powerful impact on the general


public. “However, years after the trial, the skeleton of the animal which the tooth came from was


found. As it turns out, the tooth on which the Nebraska Man was created belonged to an extinct


species of pig. The “authorities” who ridiculed Mr.Bryan for his ignorance, created an entire race


of humanity out of the tooth of a pig!”3 Such “authority figures” have been governing and


monitoring the media in an attempt to establish Evolution as a fact and not a theory. “It is


absolutely safe to say that, if you meet somebody who claims not to believe in evolution, that


person is ignorant, stupid or insane!” 4 Nevertheless, not all scientists are limiting themselves


to one possible conclusion. There are those who openly admit flaws within this theory and try to


reasonably establish evidence to support their claims as true scientists. If they lack such


evidence, they permit criticism and act as respected scientists by drawing objective conclusions


based on their initial hypothesis and gathered observations. Such is the case with the founder


of the Theory of Evolution, Charles Darwin. “As by this theory, innumerable transitional forms


must have existed, why do we not find them embedded in countless numbers in the crust of the


earth? The number of extinct species must have been inconceivably great!… not one change of


species into another is on record… we cannot prove that a single species has been changed!…


He who rejects these views on the nature of the geological record, will rightly reject my whole


theory.” 5 Throughout the history of the Evolution Theory, many people have tried to help natural


selection “evidence” by engineering false proof that will in turn prove the missing link between


humans and apes. In 1912, Charles Dawson (a fossiologist) discovered some bones, teeth and


primitive implements in a gravel pit at Piltdown, Sussex, England. He took them to Dr. Author


Smith Woodward (well known and respected paleontologist) at the British Museum. The


remains were marked as being 500,000 years old. This new discovery generated mass media


coverage all over the world and “Evolution” became the primary theory for the origin of life. The


evolutionary link between man and ape was found! On October 1956, using a new method to


date bones based on fluoride absorption, the Piltdown bones were found to be fraudulent.


Further, critical investigation revealed that the jawbone actually belonged to an ape that had died


only 50 years previously. The skeleton, tested and confirmed by “expert scientific authorities”


proved to be a fake. This did not matter; the promotion of “Evolution” has been successful in


planting the idea that soon, the real missing link will be found, instead of generating an inquiry


as to the validity of this theory. “When it comes to the origin of life on the earth, there are only


two possibilities: creation or spontaneous generation (Evolution). There is no third way.


Spontaneous generation was disproved 100 years ago, but that leads us only to one other


conclusion: that of supernatural creation. We can not accept that on philosophical grounds


(personal reasons); therefore, we choose to believe the impossible: that life arose


spontaneously by chance.” 6 Present day speculation about human evolution is mainly based


on a group of fossils called autralopithecines and in particular, a specimen called Lucy, a 40%


complete skeleton. During investigations conducted from 1972-1977 in a far area of Ethiopia,


D.C. Johanson discovered a skeleton later to be known as Lucy. This again, generated mass


media coverage as an evolutionary link between humans and apes was found. In a National


Geographic article (December 1976), Joahnson claimed that “the angle of the thigh bone and


the flattened surface at its knee joint end… proved she walked on two legs.” “However, evidence


regarding the actual discovery of the knee joint that was used to ‘prove’ that Lucy walked upright


was found more than 200 feet lower in the strata and more than two miles away. The knee joint


end of the femur was severely crushed; therefore, Johanson’s conclusion is pure speculation.”7


Anatomist Charles Oxnard, using a computer technique for analysis of skeletal relationships,


has concluded that the australopithecines did not walk upright (not in the same manner as


humans). Furthermore, there is evidence that people including Kanapoi hominid and


Castennedolo Man walked upright before the time of Lucy. Obviously, if people walked before


Lucy, than once again, this “evidence” is disqualified as an evolutionary ancestor. Thus, the only


scientific basis for concluding that Lucy was an evolutionary link, was the assumption that


evolution did occur. When lining evidence on the assumption that a theory is a fact, the only


possible conclusion which could be generated is that fact; “the fact of evolution” (closed circle).


“Nine-tenths of the talk of evolutionists is sheer nonsense, not founded on observations and


wholly unsupported by facts.” 8 One of the most serious blows to the Evolution Theory is the


absence of transitional forms. As Darwin was honest enough to admit the defect in his theory


regarding these intermediate links, his assumptions were credible. “The explanation lies,


however, in the extreme imperfection of the geological record.” 9 In 1859, this explanation


drove geologists to vigorously search for fossils of these “links”. Although it has been over 100


years since Darwin’s time, we now have fewer samples of “transitional forms” than we did back


then. Instead of heaving more samples, we actually have less because some of the old classic


examples of evolution have been recently discarded due to new information and findings, and no


new transitional forms have been found. “The fossil material is now so complete that the lack of


transitional series cannot be explained by the scarcity of the material. The deficiencies are real,


they will never be filled.” 10 Nevertheless, evolutionists still maintain their determination to put


their faith before the evidence. It is not with fa cts that evolutionists argue against the


theory of creation, but rather, with tentative assumptions based on faith and inability to explain


the paradoxes in nature. When confronted with questions such as “who came first, the chicken


or the egg?”, they reply with philosophical answers containing no shred of evidence. Throughout


the natural environment, organisms have been discovered and examined revealing clear


evidence of defiance to the Evolution Theory. From the ingenious design of the human eye, to


the magnificent relationship between symbiotic organisms, right to the marvelous design of body


structures and color variation in nature, the notion of “it” happening by “mere coincidence” is


completely preposterous and a ridiculous theory for science to acknowledge. In addition to the


visual beauty in nature, DNA serves as an impenetrable shield to the Creation Theory and a fatal


weapon against the Theory of Evolution. “Take the human body alone-the chance that all the


functions of the individual could just happen, is a statistical monstrosity!” 11 Evolutionists are


helpless when trying to explain the step by step evolution of the human eye. As one of the most


intriguing organs of the body, it contains automatic aiming, automatic focusing, and automatic


aperture adjustment. The human eye can function from almost complete darkness to bright


sunlight. It sees an object with a diameter of a fine hair, and makes about 100,000 separate


motions in an average day. Then, while we sleep, it carries out its own maintenance work. The


human eye is so sophisticated that scientists are still trying to understand how it functions.


When objectively questioning his own theory, Charles Darwin confirmed that “to suppose that


the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for


admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration,


could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest


possible degree… The belief that an organ as perfect as the eye could have been formed by


natural selection is more than enough to stagger anyone.” Nonetheless, evolutionists still stick


to their “faith” and a paralyzed answer, “it happened somehow, somewhere”. It is hopeless to


try and explain how the eye evolved step by step because, it is either a complete structure


(including all other organs such as brain to perceive the information and then analyze it like a


computer, as well as all other organs such as heart, blood vessels, etc.), or it is incomplete, in


which case it will be rejected by the organism. It either functions as an integrated whole or not


at all. Darwin has stated that “if it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which


could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory


would absolutely break down.” However, the human eye is just the tip of the iceberg.


Evolutionists’ problems are further complicated by the fact that hundreds of different eyes exist in


different organisms. These different eyes are built with absolutely distinct designs. A squid’s


eyes are structurally different than a human’s eyes or a crab’s eyes, etc. To compare the


structures of these eyes is like comparing a radio’s design with a computer’s design. Both


receive and output signals but have completely different architectural

designs. Such a case of


evolution, of many different eyes, each astonishingly designed and crafted, is surely a dilemma


an evolutionist must face. To illustrate, the Trilobite eye; unlike the lens of a human eye, which


is composed of living, organic tissues, trilobite eyes are composed of inorganic calcite. Unlike


human eyes which are composed of a single lens, trilobite eyes have a very special double lens


design with anywhere from 100 to 15,000 lenses in each eye (depending on the sub-species).


This special design allows the trilobites to see under water perfectly, without distortions.


Sufficient knowledge of Abbe’s Sine Law, Fermat’s Principle, and various other principles of


optics are fundamental in the design of these lenses. They appear to have been carefully crafted


by a very knowledgeable physicist.


Astonishing symbiotic relationships between organisms found in nature, mock the Evolution


Theory. There are many instances where organisms of different species are completely


dependent upon each other for survival. For instance, “the Pronuba moth lives in a cocoon in


the sand at the base of the Yucca plant. Pronuba moths can only hatch on certain nights of the


year, which are also the only nights that Yucca flowers bloom. When the Pronuba moth


hatches, it enters an open Yucca flower and gathers pollen12 . It then flies to a different yucca


plant, backs into the flower and lays its eggs with the Yucca’s seed cells. It pushes the pollen it


had gathered into a hole in the Yucca flower’s pistil, so the pollen will fertilize the Yucca’s seed


cells where the moth laid its eggs. The moth then dies. As the moth’s eggs incubate, the yucca


seeds ripen. When the eggs hatch, the moth larvae eat about one fifth of the Yucca seeds.


They then cut through the seed pod and spin a thread that they use to slide down to the desert


floor. They proceed into the sand and spin a cocoon and the cycle continues. There are several


kinds of Yucca plants, each pollinated by its own kind of moth that is the right size to enter the


particular flower. The Yucca plant and the Pronuba moth are dependent on each other for


reproduction, thus survival.” 13 Another example of a symbiotic relationship is found between


large fish and usually smaller fish and shrimp. Many large fish feed on smaller fish and shrimp.


However, once these large fish find that their mouths have become littered with debris and


parasites, they swim to places were smaller fish and shrimp clean their mouths. When the


large fish opens its mouth and gill chambers, baring vicious-looking teeth, the little fish and


shrimp swim inside the large fish until they finish their job of eating all the debris and then swim


out unharmed and the big fish swims away. Both parties involved in this relationship benefit and


override the instincts developed by “Evolution” for self-preservation to eat the smaller fish and


shrimp, as well as, for the cleaning animals’ unnatural suicidal tendency to walk straight into the


mouth of this large fish. This relationship is not limited to fish. The bird Egyptian Plover is


designed to freely walk into the mouth of the Nile crocodile to clean out parasites and leaves


completely unharmed. Such relationships challenge the Evolution concept of each animal’s


instinct for self-preservation. However, such a relationship can occur if the organisms had


implanted information within their genetic program for them to act out and follow. A computer


will do whatever it is instructed according to the program it runs by. It will not display feelings or


change course out of will. It will only act as it was programmed to act. As stated by Charles


Darwin, “if it could be proved that any part of the structure of any one species had been formed


for the exclusive good of another species, it would annihilate my theory, for such could not have


been produced through natural selection.” Therefore, the evidence of the Pronuba moth and the


Yucca flower clearly present a relationship in which not just one particular part of a structure of


an organism is necessary for the survival of another specie, but they are both completely linked


in a reproductive cycle in which both species had to “evolve” at the same time absolutely


annihilating the concept of “gradual evolution” by “chance”; a paradox equivalent to the famous


question of “who came first, the chicken or the egg?” Another paradox is “who came first, male


or female?” If the male or the female evolved first, then why would nature complicate itself by


allowing for that organism to “start evolving” two genders that have to be 100% compatible with


each other, as well as, each gender be attracted to the opposite gender, and many other


considerations to be taken in order to assure reproduction. It would be ridiculous to even


consider the possibility of both genders (in every specie containing two genders) evolving at the


same time with such complexity and compatibility. “The explanatory doctrines of biological


evolution do not stand up to an in-depth criticism.”14 Another fine example of such paradox in


nature is the Bombardier beetle. The Bombardier beetle is a small insect that is armed with an


impressive defense system. Whenever threatened by an enemy attack, this organism ejects


irritating and odious gases, which are at 2120F, out from two tail pipes right into the face of its


predator. Hermann Schildknecht, a German chemist, studied the Bombardier beetle to find out


how he accomplishes this chemical achievement. He learned that the beetle makes his


explosive weapon by mixing together two very dangerous chemicals (hydroquinone and


hydrogen peroxide). In addition to these two chemicals, there is a third chemical known as the


“inhibitor”. The inhibitor prevents the chemicals from blowing up and enables the beetle to store


these chemicals in his body. Whenever the beetle is approached by a predator, such as a frog,


he squirts the stored chemicals into the two combustion tubes and, at the precisely right


moment, he ads another chemical (an anti-inhibitor). A violent explosion occurs right in the face


of the attacker. When analyzing the “evolutionary process” that allowed the Bombardier beetle


to develop such a chemical weapon, we are forced to speculate that first, there must have been


thousands of generations of beetles improperly mixing these hazardous chemicals in fatal


evolutionary experiments, blowing themselves to pieces. Eventually, we assume, they have


arrived at the magic formula, but what about the development of the inhibitor? There is no need


to evolve an inhibitor unless you already have the two chemicals you are trying to inhibit. On the


other hand, if you already have the two chemicals without the inhibitor, it is already too late, for


you have just blown yourself up. Obviously, such design and pre-meditative arrangement would


have to arise from intelligent foresight and planning. Nevertheless, assuming that the beetle


somehow managed to simultaneously develop the two chemicals along with the important


inhibitor. The solution would offer no benefit at all to the beetle, for it would just sit there as a


harmless mixture. To be of any value to the beetle, an anti-inhibitor must be added to the


solution. So, once again, for thousands of generations we are supposed to believe that these


poor beetles mixed and stored these chemicals for no particular reason or advantage, until


finally, the anti-inhibitor was perfected. With the anti-inhibitor developed he still can’t touch his


predators because he still needs to “evolve” the two combustion tubes and a precise


communications and timing network to control and adjust the critical direction and timing of the


explosion. So once again, for thousands of generations, the beetles blew themselves up to


pieces until they finally mastered this long range plan. Such a defense mechanism requires


vast amount of knowledge to design and construct. To argue that it all just evolved


instantaneously is absurd and to suggest that for thousands of generations, “natural selection”


aimed to achieve this specific and remarkable design is not within the Evolution Theory’s


capabilities. 15 In addition to the superb design of structural engineering, nature, is filled with


magnificent varieties of colors arranged in geometric shapes and sizes. Many organisms exhibit


such architectural designs clearly showing intelligent pattern. Butterflies, fish, flowers, birds,


and many other types of organisms have color decorations as a part of their genetic makeup.


An animal such as the Zebra, contains an intelligent design of black and white stripes makes it


a very easy target for hunting (see cover page for illustration). Furthermore, these stripes on the


Zebra are composed of billions of cells, each have the proper chemicals to produce that specific


color in the specific location. When demonstrating how an evolutionary mechanism could have


developed the Zebra’s patterned looks, the process can be paralleled to programming a


computer to randomly produce colored pixels on the screen and waiting to see if a pattern such


as black line, white line, black line, white line, etc. would occur. Furthermore, it is not enough to


hope for the black and white lines to appear (orderly), how can they possibly be genetically


integrated into the Zebra’s coded DNA? Would a computer for no reason, program itself to


display these lines on the screen if you smash it everytime it didn’t? Because of the Zebra’s


patterned look, it can be seen from vast distances and killed. Evolutionary thinking is so


focused on what is practical and what is required for self-preservation, that when presented with


such a widespread of beauty which in many cases serve no purpose except for decoration, they


must either capitulate or ignore the facts. Such is the case with the fish, Rhodicthys.


Rhodicthys is of a bright red color. Yet, it lives in total darkness, 1.5 miles below the surface of


the ocean. Likewise, the deep-sea Neoscopelus macrolepidotus is vividly colored with azure


blue, bright red, silver spots, and black circles! Even the eggs of some of the deep-sea


creatures are brilliantly colored. Furthermore, naturalists’ obsession for defending evolution no


matter what, has produced absurd and absolutely senseless statements regarding animals


such as the peacock.


“Do the creation scientists really suppose their Creator saw fit to create a bird that couldn’t


reproduce without six feet of bulky feathers that make it easy for leopards?”16 It seems to me


that a peacock is just the kind of animal an artistic Creator would favor, but an “uncaring


mechanical process” like natural selection would never permit to develop. “I reject evolution


because I deem it obsolete; because the knowledge, hard won since 1830, of anatomy,


histology, cytology, and embryology, cannot be made to accord with its basic idea. The


foundationless, fantastic edifice of the evolution doctrine would long ago have met with its long


deserved fate were it not that the love of fairy tales is so deep-rooted in the hearts of man.”17


Ultimately, DNA is without a doubt the strongest weapon to hinder the Theory of Evolution. “Now


we know that the cell itself is far more complex than we had imagined. It includes thousands of


functioning enzymes, each one of them a complex machine itself. Furthermore, each enzyme


comes into being in response to a gene, a strand of DNA. The information content of this gene


(its complexity) must be as great as that of the enzyme it controls.” 18 DNA is the coded


language on which the foundation of life is based on. Unlike electronic devices built by human


beings employing the rules of electricity (on, off) , DNA is an extremely more complex and


mystifying method for transmitting ordered information for it is founded on four acids (4 parts)


which make up a language far more detailed than that of two parts. DNA molecules can only be


replicated with the assistance of specific enzymes, which in turn, can only be produced by the


controlling DNA molecule. Each is absolutely necessary for the other and both must be present


for replication to occur. Thus, we can conclude that the basic grounds on which “evolutionary


mechanisms” operate, are in themselves, a paradox on the molecular level. “The capacity of


DNA to store information vastly exceeds that of modern technology. The information needed to


specify the design all the species of organisms which ever lived (known) could be held in a


teaspoon and there would still be room left to hold all the information in every book ever written.”


19 Such extraordinary sophistication can only reflect super-intelligent design. In addition,


computer scientists have demonstrated conclusively that information does not and cannot arise


spontaneously.20 “The Information Theory has shown that mistakes cannot improve a code of


information; they can only reduce a code’s ability to transmit meaningful information.


Information results only from the expenditure of energy (to arrange letters and words) and under


the all-important direction of intelligence.” 21 DNA is information. The only logical and


reasonable conclusion that can be drawn is that DNA was formed by intelligence. The


paradoxes facing evolutionists are unconquerable simply because, what used to be their most


convenient answer “we had millions of years for this to happen”, is no longer valid for answering


questions such as, “who came first the chicken or the egg? Male or female? Pronuba moths or


the Yucca plant? DNA molecule or the enzymes responsible for its development? and so forth.


“To postulate that the development and survival of the fittest is entirely a consequence of


chance mutations seems to me a hypothesis based on no evidence and irreconcilable with the


facts. These classical evolutionary theories are a gross over-simplification of an immensely


complex and intricate mass of facts, and it amazes me that they are swallowed so uncritically


and readily, and for such a long time, by so many scientists without a murmur of protest.” 22


Mathematics is the backbone of science. It constitutes a system which can be perceived by


humans rather than try to visualize concepts, unfeasible to the human mind. Evolutionists insist


that through gradual processes of natural selection, highly complex living organisms consisting


of numerous inter-relating components can develop and co-exist in an environment which has


evolved equally through time. When trying to mathematically conceptualize how such


developments could occur, the numbers are uncomprehandable because of their gigantic


proportions. For instance, examine a chance development of a very simple system composed of


200 integrated parts (simple compared with living systems). The probability of forming s

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